Patroclus killed many Trojans and Trojan allies, including a son of Zeus, Sarpedon. Achilles then uses a special cup to make an offering to Zeus. When he heard Hector killed Patroclus, to escape his fate and take revenge couldn't Achilles just leave that war and comeback for Hector at another time? I think in physical terms Hector was most responsible for Patroclus’ death, as he is the And if he could, did he not see that because he was blinded by rage? Mortal men often show these failings while being conspired against by the gods, fate, and something Homer refers to often as “, Passer, deliciae meae puellae (Catullus 2), Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus (Catullus 5), Miser Catulle, desinas ineptire (Catullus 8). He invited his own death by first demanding access to Achilles’ armor and then taking the life of the son of a god. He tells him to drive towards Patroclus. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/summary-of-iliad-book-xvi-121327. He prays that he may never be so cruel as Achilles. The main plot concerns Achilles, the invaders' strongest soldier. Returning to the City, Achilles drives all of the soldiers back until Hector remains on the battlefield. Hera intervenes, setting the plains on fire and boiling the river until the god relents. The Iliad (Greek: Ιλιάς) is an epic poem from the Trojan Cycle describing a few months in the ninth year of the Trojan War, a siege of the great city of Troy by an alliance of Greek city-states. “Patroclus, he says, Patroclus. To understand why Achilles, an almost-invulnerable demigod, cries after killing Hector who had slain Achilles’ close wartime companion, Patroclus), one needs to understand the dichotomy of war in The Iliad. Fighting in Troy would only lead to his demise. Much of the slaughter and misery could have been prevented if those involved had listened to cooler heads and allowed wisdom and peace to prevail, but it was not to be. Over and over until it is sound only.” ... killing Hector, throbbing, crouching Before Achilles' feet as Achilles wept himself, Now for his father, now for Patroclus once again And their sobbing rose and fell throughout the house.” ― Homer, The Iliad. Iliad drama and history led up to the moment of his death and the vengeance it brought about. When Achilles learns of Patroclus’ death, he beats the ground, unleashing an unearthly cry that brought his mother, Thetis, from the sea to comfort him. Sophocles related the name to aiazo , to wail, cry ah. Patroclus draws back to avoid angering Apollo. He could think of only one thing: he must kill Hector and avenge his life long friend Patroclus. Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book I, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book VIII, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book X, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XIII, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XV, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXI, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXII, Summary and Main Characters of the Iliad Book XXIII. Patroclus also killed his brother/chariot driver. Two other horses of the chariot go wild until they are entangled in the reins, so Automedon cuts the dead horse away, so the chariot is once again fit for battle. Meriones kills a Trojan, priest of Zeus of Mt. Patroclus kills Sarpedon's squire; Sarpedon aims at Patroclus, but his spear kills one of the Greek's horses. Achilles knows every weak point of the stolen armor and uses that knowledge to stab Hector through the throat. Apollo had a hand in it as well as another Trojan. Patroclus has been avenged, and Achilles will finally allow his body to be cremated so that his friend can be at peace. However, when Patroclus goes to battle, he drives the Trojans back to Troy, where after the interference of a Greek god on the side of the Trojans, he is eventually killed by Hector. The Greeks strip the armor from Sarpedon. Once that was done, he wanted Patroclus and the army to return because imminent death surrounded Troy, antagonized by Zeus and Apollo. Hector wants a glorious death, so he draws his sword and swoops down on Achilles, who charges with his spear. Hector is inside the Scaean gates when Apollo, in the guise of a warrior named Asius, asks him why he has stopped fighting. The exact relationship between the two men is a matter of some dispute. He asks that Achilles at least let him go to fight with the Myrmidons wearing Achilles' armor so that the Trojans might mistake him for Achilles and strike fear into the Trojans and give the Greeks a respite. The captured slave, Briseis, is returned to Achilles, and their quarrel is laid aside. Patroclus was the son of Menoetius in Greek mythology, and best friend of the hero Achilles. "Summary of Iliad Book XVI." His refusal left the Greeks to fight on their own. That night, Achilles did not sleep. He attaches the unfortunate Trojan to the back of his chariot and drags the body triumphantly through the dirt. Apollo now helps the Trojans, keeping Patroclus from breaking the walls of Troy. Thetis assures Achilles that she will watch over Patroclus’s body and keep it preserved and safe until his return. Hector also remained awake. Hera says Sarpedon is fated to be killed by Patroclus and if Zeus steps in, the other gods will do likewise to save their favorites. No. Leading them are Patroclus and Automedon. fanpop quiz: When Hector fought Patroclus, who did he think he was actually fighting? However, Patroclus did not heed this warning. When Patroclus throws a stone, it hits Hector's charioteer Cebriones. (2020, August 26). Following the death of Patroclus, Achilles steps out onto the battlefield, ready to take revenge on Hector. How do you think Menelaus and Helen felt about Helen's return … Uploaded By jerrytong1997. Unfortunately for Hector, the gods are playing tricks again. Whatever the relationship between the two was, it is apparent that they depended upon and trusted one another. The armor and shield are described with great length in the poem, contrasting the ugliness of war with the beauty of art and of the greater world in which it takes place. A different derivation is mostly used for his name : of the earth from aia the poetic form of the word gaia meaning earth. He knew that when he met Achilles it would be in the most savage battle he had ever fought. Hector, Achilles stabbed him in the throat. This gives the Trojans the opportunity they need to throw fire at the ship. The god plays his hand, instilling Hector, the Trojan forces leader, with temporary cowardice so that he retreats toward the City. Patroclus exhorts his followers to fight well to bring glory to Achilles so that Agamemnon will learn the error of not respecting the bravest of the Greeks. Eventually, Hector will also pay with his life. Apollo obeys. His passionate tempers and impulsiveness remain untempered as he rushes into the final battle. Achilles reluctantly agrees, not knowing that this battle will be the death of Patroclus. (pp363 b. While the fighting goes on around the ship of Protesilaus, Patroclus goes crying to Achilles. As a child, Patroclus is reported to have killed another child in anger over a game. Finally, Zeus and Apollo intervene, sending Thetis to convince Achilles to accept a ransom for the body. In a frenzy of glory and blood lust, Patroclus begins slaughtering every Trojan he meets in repayment for his fallen comrades. While many of the soldiers quietly agree, Polydamas’ advice is ignored. In truth, the war was won because of Patroclus’ death. Like most Greek epics, the Iliad displays the foolishness of glory-hunting and seeking violence over wisdom and strategy. "Summary of Iliad Book XVI." Sarpedon rebukes his Lycian troops into fighting the Greeks. Ida. The god orchestrated the events that brought Patroclus within range of Hector’s spear. Hera suggests instead that Zeus sweep him (once he is dead) from the field to Lycia for proper burial. Seeing Achilles coming, and knowing himself lost, he runs, circling the City four times before turning to fight, aided, so he believes by his friend and ally, Deiphobus. He wanted revenge for killing Patroclus. He considered it a personal insult to have his war prize taken from him, and he refused to aid the Greek leader, Agamemnon, in the battle. Question 8 Question text Whose armour did Hector steal when he killed Patroclus. Although Zeus has decreed the Trojans’ defeat, Patroclus will fall in the battle, luring Achilles back into battle fated to be his doom. Patroclus’ determination and bravery has earned him enemies among the Trojans. Glaucus tells Hector that Sarpedon has been killed and that Ares has done it using the spear of Patroclus. was one of the most poignant and powerful scenes in the Iliad. N.S. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our, Profiles of Some of the Major Olympian Gods Involved in the Trojan War. He was a good son, a loving husband to Andromache (pronounced an-DROM-uh-kee) and father to Astyanax (pronounced uh-STEE-uh-naks), and a trusted friend. This will allow Zeus to fulfill his promise to Achilles' mother, Thetis, to give glory to Achilles. Learn how your comment data is processed. Instead of going out to lead the soldiers, he allowed Patroclus to go in his stead, wear his armor, and pay the ultimate price. Priam mentions Peleus, Achilles’ own father. Achilles is reluctantly convinced and allows the Trojans to retrieve Hector’s corpse and return it for a proper funeral and burial. Apollo persuades Hector … Patroclus springs on the dead driver and Hector fights with him over the corpse. - See if tu can answer this Troy trivia question! Hector ignores the other Greeks and goes straight to Patroclus. His own arrogance and desire for glory proved his downfall. Achilles, furious and grieving his loss, return to the battle. Patroclus, disobeying Achilles, pursues the Trojans all the way to the gates of Troy. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. He also requests that when he dies, his ashes be mixed with Patroclus'. He is determined to kill Hector. What was done with Hector's body? ThoughtCo. Homer explains that the city might have fallen at this moment had Apollo not intervened and driven Patroclus back from the gates. The remaining leader of the Lycians, Glaucus, prays to Apollo to heal the wound in his hand so he can fight along with the Lycians. Of course, Hector delivered the fatal blow in vengeance for both the Trojan soldiers Patroclus slaughtered and his own chariot driver. Achilles continues to abuse Hector’s body, dragging it behind his chariot around Patroclus’ tomb, for an additional twelve days. Patroclus’ death was one of the most poignant and powerful scenes in the Iliad. Achilles reluctantly agrees, not knowing that this battle will be the death of Patroclus. He knew his fate was to die at Achilles hands. The delay will give her time to have the divine blacksmith create his armor to replace that stolen and worn by Hector. He asks Patroclus to drive the Trojans from the ships but no more or he will rob Achilles of his glory and will risk having one of the gods attack Patroclus. When Achilles felt dishonored by Agamemnon, he vowed not to rejoin the war until his own ships were threatened. With his dying words, Patroclus foretells Hector’s own impending doom. While his goal is to route the Trojans, he now carries into battle a personal vendetta. The Lesser Ajax : The son of the king of Locrians Oelius and Eriopis. In the Iliad, Hector kills Patroclus in a desperate battle outside the gates of Troy, mistaking him for Achilles. Hector then killed Patroclus. In Greek mythology , Hector was the son of King Priam of Troy and his wife, Hecuba . Pages 118 This preview shows page 20 - 31 out of 118 pages. Gill, N.S. was the eldest son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy. The fall and death are fated and will come to be, but Achilles’s change following Patroclus’ death was less easy to predict. The Myrmidons gather Sarpedon's horses. Achilles sees the burning and tells Patroclus to put on his armor while he gathers the Myrmidons. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/summary-of-iliad-book-xvi-121327. To send it to the family of the dead person. It is not a rout since the Trojans continue to fight. Aeneas misses Meriones. Patroclus kills 27 men, and then Apollo strikes … His own advisor, Polydamas, tells him that it would be wise to retreat into the City walls against another Achaean attack. Ashamed of the defeat that his overconfidence has brought, Hector refuses to retreat into the City with the others. Hector killed Patroclus by accident. Hector sees this move, advances, and putting a spear through Patroclus' belly, kills him. Recklessness and arrogance are recurring themes throughout the epic. Thetis finds Achilles lamenting the death of Patroclus, furious and grieving. His father was one of the Argonauts, while many different women have been mentioned as Patroclus' mother; Polymele, Sthenele, and Periopis. He does not heed Hector's pleas for his body to be sent back to his people, if Achilles should succeed in killing him. As far as patroclus, the Trojans were suffering heavy casualties after he entered battle. Euphorbus, son of Panthous, strikes Patroclus with a spear but does not kill him. Patroclus springs on the dead driver and Hector fights with him over the corpse. He has been tricked. Zeus then imbues Hector with a temporary cowardice, and Hector leads the retreat. As he prepares, Agamemnon comes to him and reconciles their disagreement. He has always known that only death awaited him in Troy. Ajax, Patroclus, Aeneas and Hector in Iliad. Thetis brings him the newly-forged armor. It is time for Achilles to face his fate. Patroclus kills 27 men, and then Apollo strikes him so that he grows dizzy, knocks the helmet from his head, breaks his spear, and makes his shield fall off. Though he killed King Sarpedon of Lycia, in the battle that followed Patroclus was disarmed and blinded by Apollo, and was then killed by Hector. Beginning the epic as a proud, impulsive, and self-centered man, Achilles finally gains sympathy when Priam comes to him to negotiate the return of Hector’s body. When he recommends retreat into the City walls, Hector once again refuses. 16 l. 460) While fighting, Patroclus' wits were removed by Apollo, after which Patroclus was hit with the spear of Euphorbos. He continues the assault on the Trojan army, slaughtering so many that he enrages a river god, who attacks him and nearly kills him. In explanation, Achilles was saying that he wanted Patroclus to lead the Myrmidons in an attack against the Trojans to drive them away from the ships. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Patroclus kills Adrestus, Autonous, Echeclus, Perimus, Epistor, Melanippus, Elasus, Mulius, and Pylartes. Patroclus begins killing Trojans, and the Achaeans drive the Trojans back from the warships. Achilles killed Hector. Summary of Iliad Book XVI. This is a crucial book and a turning point because in it Zeus sits idly by knowing his son Sarpedon will be killed, and Achilles' friend Patroclus is also killed. Many young men since Alexander have also found inspiration from Achilles, the mighty, swift-footed warrior. Encouraged, Patroclus pursues. He pursues the Trojans and Hector with a vengeance. He kills Sthenelaus the son of Ithaemenes and the Trojans retreat, but then Glaucus recovers and kills the richest Myrmidon. 75 likes. Mortal men often show these failings while being conspired against by the gods, fate, and something Homer refers to often as “ruin.”. He thought it was Achilles because Patroclus was disguised in the armor of Achilles. It is considered one of the cornerstones of Western literature. He was the leader of the Trojan contingen… Zeus looks on and says he would like to rescue Sarpedon. He is determined to continue battling and win glory for himself and Troy. Patroclus was the most trusted and loyal of Achilles’ men. When Patroclus throws a stone, it hits Hector's charioteer Cebriones. Patroclus kills the leader of the Paeonian (Trojan ally) horsemen, Pyraechmes, causing his followers to panic. With the death of Patroclus, his mind is made up. Once he has thrown a spear and missed Achilles, he asks Deiphobus for his lance, only to realize his friend is gone. As a body, they choose to instead take up places on the mountains lining the battlefield to see how the mortals fare independently. Sarpedon throws another spear that misses Patroclus and Patroclus throws a return missile which kills Sarpedon. The gods are playing each of the sides against the other. Hector could have theory it replaced into Achilles purely like easily everyone else did. Patroclus adds that Achilles will soon kill Hector. Early on, he pointed out that Paris’ pride and recklessness caused the war to begin and recommends that Helen be returned to the Greeks. It reveals the futility of mortals endeavoring to go against the gods and the price of reckless behavior. She urges him to wait a single day to exact his revenge against Hector. He asks Hector to help prevent the Myrmidons from stripping Sarpedon's armor. Even a god can’t keep him from his ultimate goal. Gill, N.S. Various names are given in ancient texts for the mother of Patroclus, including Philomela, Sthenele (daughter of Acastus), Periopis (daughter of Pheres) and Polymele (daughter of Peleus). Achilles acted as a mentor and protector, as the older and wiser of the boys. Throughout the epic, Achilles makes little progress as a character or as a man. tags: achilles, greek, homer, iliad, patroclus, priam, trojan, troy. He pierces Hector's neck, but not his windpipe. 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